Emerging Technologies / Green tech

Plant-based rare earth extraction, also known as agromining, uses certain plants capable of accumulating rare earth elements (REEs) in their leaves. These plants are harvested and processed to extract REEs through hydrometallurgy. This method helps avoid soil erosion and water pollution while producing biomass that contains valuable rare earth metals. It is a promising environmentally friendly alternative to traditional mining and is currently being assessed at pilot stages.

The cohort showcases advanced technologies including plant-based rare earth extraction, protein-based methods using lanmodulin to selectively bind and separate rare earth elements without toxic chemicals, and improved chemical extractants that enhance separation efficiency. These innovations aim to provide more sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable solutions for obtaining rare earth elements critical for energy and technology applications.

Mutualistic technologies refer to a group of technologies that support and enhance each other's capabilities in a synergistic way. For example, sensors collect data that AI processes, digital twins use this information to create virtual models, and robotics execute physical actions based on these models. This interconnected cycle creates positive feedback loops that improve innovation and operational efficiency across sectors.

These technologies interact by forming a continuous cycle where physical data is digitized and transformed into actionable virtual applications. Sensors digitize physical processes, AI converts data into information, digital twins and extended reality (XR) create virtual models and dashboards, and robotics translate these virtual applications back into physical operations. This cycle enables real-world processes to be controlled and optimized electronically, contributing to the development of genuinely smart environments.

'Second-life' EV batteries refer to electric vehicle batteries that have been retired from automotive use but still retain significant capacity for other applications. Instead of recycling them immediately, these batteries are repurposed and integrated into stationary energy storage systems. This approach extends the batteries' useful life by storing excess energy from renewable sources like solar and wind, then discharging it during peak demand or outages, supporting grid stability and data center operations.

AI technology is driving increased electricity demand, particularly in data centers that require reliable and sustainable power. Green energy initiatives, such as GM and Redwood Materials' repurposing of EV batteries into energy storage systems, help support these AI data centers by providing fast, flexible, and renewable-backed power. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels and enhances grid resilience, enabling AI workloads to operate sustainably.

China is emphasizing domestic sourcing of integrated circuits for EVs to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and enhance supply chain security. Integrated circuits are critical components in EVs, managing power delivery, communication, and control systems. By developing local IC manufacturing capabilities, China aims to support its growing EV industry and ensure stable production amid global supply chain uncertainties.

'Mason' refers to advancements in manufacturing technology designed for use on the Moon and Mars. This technology focuses on enabling in-situ production of materials and components in extraterrestrial environments, which is crucial for sustainable space exploration and colonization. Mason aims to reduce the need to transport materials from Earth by utilizing local resources for manufacturing on lunar and Martian surfaces.

Distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar panels and microgrids, are crucial for IT companies as they reduce costs, alleviate grid congestion, and provide more control over energy sources. This can be particularly beneficial for powering data centers and edge computing sites, contributing to a more sustainable operation.

IT companies can adopt circular economy models by focusing on modular hardware designs, refurbishing assets, and reducing electronic waste. This approach extends product lifecycles through reuse, repair, and recycling, aligning with the shift away from the 'take, make, waste' paradigm.

AI, particularly large language models, can automate and optimize workflows such as carbon capture and carbon trading, improving carbon emission management. The metaverse can facilitate virtual collaboration and simulations that reduce the need for physical resources and travel, thereby lowering emissions. However, these technologies require extensive data and professional oversight to ensure accuracy and compliance with diverse regional and industry standards.

Training and deploying AI models, especially large generative models, require significant electricity and water resources, leading to increased carbon emissions and strain on local ecosystems. Additionally, manufacturing and transporting high-performance computing hardware add indirect environmental impacts. These factors necessitate careful management and regulation to balance AI’s potential climate benefits against its environmental costs.

Green computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing practices that aim to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with digital technologies. It is crucial in the development of AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) because the computational power required for AGI can be extremely energy-intensive. Integrating energy efficiency into strategic planning helps mitigate the environmental impact, ensuring that advancements in AI do not come at the expense of the planet's health.

Ant Group is advancing sustainable technology by significantly reducing emissions from its data centers and supply chain, achieving a reduction of over 72,000 tCO2e in 2023. The company integrates green and low-carbon development into its core sustainability pillars and invests heavily in AI-powered innovations that promote digital inclusion while prioritizing energy efficiency. Ant Group also collaborates on international standards for AI security and sustainability, reflecting its commitment to responsible technological growth.