The Physics Behind the Quadruple Axel, the Most Difficult Jump in Figure Skating
Summary
US figure skater Ilia Malinin, known as the Quad God, astounds audiences with his ability to execute more than four full rotations in the air. Recent scientific insights reveal the mechanics behind his extraordinary figure skating prowess.
Key Insights
Why is the quadruple Axel considered the most difficult jump in figure skating?
The quadruple Axel requires 4.5 rotations in the air due to its unique forward takeoff, demanding exceptional strength, precision, and rotational speed of around 340-400 rpm, while balancing height (typically 46-51 cm) and energy trade-offs between jumping high and spinning fast.[2][3][4]
What physics principles enable skaters to complete a quadruple Axel?
Skaters use conservation of angular momentum by pulling arms and legs tightly to the body, counteracting centrifugal force (up to 180 pounds for a 150-pound skater) to increase rotation speed from takeoff torque of about 150 foot-pounds and 300 pounds of force, completing rotations in under two-thirds of a second.[1][3]